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Volkswagen unveiled the
cleanest ever TDI engine.






















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Advancements in Catalytic Converters

Siemens Turns to Catalytic Converters with Integrated Filters to Reduce Emissions from Trucks

Siemens plans to significantly reduce pollutant emissions produced by trucks. In addition to an improved fuel-injection technology and increased use of sensors for monitoring combustion in the engine, the company is turning to new catalytic converter types with integrated filters to realize this goal. At the International Commercial Vehicle Show (IAA) in Hanover, Emitec introduced a soot filter that can remove up to 80 percent of the super-fine particles from exhaust gas. Emitec, a joint venture of the automotive electronics specialist Siemens VDO and the British automotive and aerospace supplier GKN, is one of the world’s largest manufacturers of metallic substrates for catalytic converters.

The new Euro exhaust emission standard will be effective from October 2005, before becoming even more stringent from 2008. To satisfy the new limits, the developers have to combine several technologies in one exhaust system, though in part they have effects that are in direct opposition to one another. A particularly sharp reduction of nitrogen oxides in the engine, for example, results in an increased volume of particles in the exhaust. Another problem is that the filter slowly but surely becomes clogged. And as the mileage that a truck is driven increases, this leads to higher fuel consumption and additional maintenance costs.

The catalytic converter from Emitec, which the company tested and optimized with the manufacturer MAN, provides an elegant solution to both problems. It is a system that combines an oxidation catalyst and a sophisticated particle filter. In an initial stage, the platinum oxidation catalyst converts unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide into carbon dioxide. At the same time, it oxidizes nitrogen oxide into nitrogen dioxide, which plays a decisive role in removing the soot particles during the second stage. The soot particles are then removed from the exhaust gas by means of specially shaped micro-channels and directed to a metallic fleece. The particles collect in the fleece’s pores. Here, beginning at about 200° Celsius, they are continuously burned off with the oxygen from the nitrogen dioxide, which is converted into nitrogen.

On average, the new filter catalyst removes about 80 percent of the super-fine particles that have diameters of from 20 to 100 nanometers (one-millionth of a millimeter). Under optimal conditions, it can even remove as much as 95 percent. Thanks to its open design, the system also can’t become clogged, even when it is in service for hundreds of thousands of kilometers. MAN is already working on engine systems in which the new filter has been integrated. In principle, the technology is also suitable for use in passenger cars. http://www.azom.comhttp://www.azom.com/details.asp?newsID=2072

  • NASA advancements in Catalytic Converters
  • Advancements in South Africa
  • Stainless Steel in Catalytic Converters
  • Platinum Alloy in Catalytic Converters

    Volkswagen unveiled the cleanest ever TDI engine. First test drives demonstrate the high potential of Volkswagen technology, which consequently reduce nitrogen oxide. In the VW Jetta a new 2.0 litre Common Rail diesel engine with a nitrogen oxide reservoir catalytic converter was used, which complies to the Californian emission standard “Tier 2 / Bin 5”. These requirements are considered the most stringent worldwide. The first production run of the “Clean TDI” with nitrogen oxide post-treatment system will be made during 2008 in the USA.

    The central theme of the entire concept is the reduction of nitrogen oxide. The engineers in Wolfsburg reached this goal through internal development of the motor and the use of new emission post-treatment technology. The result: up to 90% less nitrogen oxide emissions (NOx).

    This drastic reduction was necessary in order to comply with the “Tier 2 / Bin 5” norm, which applies to California and four other states in the north-east of America (Massachusetts, New York, Vermont and Maine). This norm limits nitrogen oxide emissions to 70 mg per mile. In order to comply with this standard, completely new emission ­ treatment technology was necessary. Volkswagen has thus developed two systems connected to the oxidation catalytic converter and the particle filter in the exhaust system.

    New NOx reservoir catalytic converter technology is currently being tested for car models below the Passat class. Nitrogen oxide is absorbed like a sponge, leading to a high level of efficiency. As with the particle filter, the system is regularly cleaned without the driver noticing. To do this, the engine management system changes operation modes for a few seconds.

    Larger and heavier models feature the Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) catalytic converter. The central element is an aqueous solution such as AdBlue, which is transported in an additional tank made from stainless steel or plastic. 32.5% of this solution is comprised of urea, and is continuously injected into the exhaust system in front of the SCR catalytic converter using a metering valve. The dosage is made according to the gas emission stream.

    The urea solution is finely atomised by a grille and is converted in hot exhaust gas into ammonia before it reaches the catalytic converter. The ammonia then reacts with the nitrogen oxide in the catalytic converter and separates it into nitrogen and water. Unlike pure ammonia, AdBlue solution is non-toxic, odourless and biodegradable. Volkswagen intends to install the additional tank so that the car can be driven without main­tenance between two garage inspections - the garage simply refills the tank at the next scheduled inspection date. According to American regulations, the complete system must be fully functional for at least 150,000 ­miles. http://www.worldcarfans.com/rsslink.cfm/article/2070104.006/ volkswagen/volkswagen-unveils-cleanest-tdi-engine-ever

    Experiments on ceria (cerium oxide—CeO2) nanoparticles carried out at Brookhaven National Laboratory may lead to catalytic converters that are better at cleaning up auto exhaust, and/or to more-efficient ways of generating hydrogen.
    Current generations of three-way converter (TWC) catalysts use noble metals (rhodium, platinum and/or palladium) finely dispersed on a honeycomb surface. (Earlier post on non-noble metal catalysts.) This honeycomb is made of alumina (Al2O3) surface-treated with cerium and zirconium oxides.

    In a catalytic converter, ceria acts as a buffer, absorbing or releasing oxygen depending on the conditions of the engine to maintain the catalyst in its optimum operating condition for converting harmful emissions such as carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxide to carbon dioxide and nitrogen gas.
    —Brookhaven chemist Jose Rodriguez http://www.greencarcongress.com/2005/03/ceria_nanoparti.html


    Aluminium Foil - Industrial Applications Including Insulation, Heat Exchangers and Automotive
    Aluminium foil is commonly used in insulation for buildings, transmission wires, against radiation and from fire as well as heat exchangers and automotive applications. Specific applications and reasons for its suitability oin these areas are discussed.

    Filial Brass, Brass Fibres from Fibretech - New Product
    Fibretech have added to their range of metal fibres, with the introducrtion of a new form of brass fibre called filial brass. Some potential applications are mentioned. Posted January 2004

    Microtex HT - Stainless Steel Fibre Products for Use in Automotive Exhausts and Mufflers - Supplier
    Microtex HT is a stainless steel fibre product from Fibretech that has been specifically designed for automotive exhausts and mufflers.

    Microtex Stainess Steel Fibres Filaments and Matts - Supplier Data by Fibretech
    Microtex is a range of stainless steel fibre products produced by Fibretech. The advantage, manufacture, performance in aggressive environments, composition and use in automotive applications are outlined.

    Nanomaterials and Their Applications
    Many components across a variety of industries could potentially be improved if manufacturers could source raw materials with improved chemical, physical and/or mechanical properties. Use of sol-gel derived nanomaterials could provide such materials.

    Nanomizer - The First Commercial Process for Producing Uniform Nanoparticles
    The Nanomizer process is the first commercial technology for producing uniform nanoparticles. It is suited to a range of materials and can produce controlled morphologies and microstructures. Applications and potential applications for materials produced via the Nanomizer process are mentioned.

    Palladium
    Palladium is a precious metal found naturally with other platinum group metals. It has the lowest density and melting point of the platinum group metals. Other properties and applications are also outlined.

    Platinum - Applications
    While platinum is best known as a precious metal and use in jewellery and as an investment, it has several other key uses. Some of these include catalysts for automotive and chemical applications, glass manufacture and electronics. These and other main usage areas are reviewed.

    Platinum - History and Investment
    With a history much shorter than that of gold, its use and discovery in the 1700's is described. Development of the platinum market through the 1800's and into more modern times is also covered. Applications for this rare precious metal are outlined as its use as a commodity.

    Platinum Facts Sheet
    Platinum is used in wide variety of applications, many if which you may not realise. Reasons for its wide usage and extreme value are given as well as other useful facts such as where it comes from and markets, both current and future.

    Platinum Facts Sheet
    Platinum is used in wide variety of applications, many if which you may not realise. Reasons for its wide usage and extreme value are given as well as other useful facts such as where it comes from and markets, both current and future.

    Spray Pyrolysis Used to Make Molybdenum Disulfide Catalysts - News Item
    Using a technique called ultrasonic spray pyrolysis, researchers at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign have created an improved catalyst for removing smelly sulfur-containing compounds from gasoline and other fossil fuels. Posted July 11 2005

    Titanium for Automotive Applications
    Titanium is highly suited to automotive applications such as valves, valve springs, suspension springs and exhaust systems. Reduced costs, fabrication similar to steel and potential weight and economy savings and performance gains it will certainly be used for more than just motorsport applications.

    Tungsten Applications - Chemical Processes
    Tungsten is often used as a catalyst for removal of nitrogen oxide, hydrocarbons and other chemical applications. Tungsten compounds are also used in other chemical applications such as pigments, lubicants, viscosity stabilisers and laboratory applications.

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